It is a regional power and is considered a middle power in global affairs. The economy of Indonesia is the world's 17th-largest by nominal GDP and the 7th-largest by PPP. A shared identity has developed with the motto " Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), defined by a national language, cultural diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia consists of thousands of distinct native ethnic and hundreds of linguistic groups, with Javanese being the largest. However, it was not until 1949 that the Dutch recognised Indonesia's sovereignty following an armed and diplomatic conflict between the two. The concept of "Indonesia" as a nation-state emerged in the early 20th century, culminating later in the proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945. Although the Portuguese, the French, and the British also ruled at some point, the Dutch were the foremost colonial power for much of their 350-year presence in the archipelago. Sunni traders and Sufi scholars brought Islam, while Christianity was spread by European missionaries. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign influences from the early centuries, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. The Indonesian archipelago has been a valuable region for trade since at least the 7th century when Srivijaya and later Majapahit traded with entities from mainland China and the Indian subcontinent. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India ( Andaman and Nicobar Islands). The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. It has 37 provinces, of which eight have special status. Indonesia is a presidential republic with an elected legislature.
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